task 3#

                                        

Qudrophenia (1979) is about a British, working-class youth, Jimmy who is a part of the ‘Mods’ subculture cruises around at night with his friends on their scooters, but in the day works in the mailing rooms. Jimmy and his friends go away for the bank holiday to Brighton to enjoy their little holiday but then run into their rival group the Rockers resulting in Jimmy getting arrested. From there Jimmy’s life goes downhill.

This movie relates to my critical investigation as it both based on delinquent youths in Britain but just set in different periods. The movie is actually based in 1965 and the research in my critical investigation is contemporary, in the last 5 years. The youth culture has definitely changed over the years but still contain some similarities. Like for example dealing drugs but it’s a little different to the ones in Quadrophenia, instead of drugs that we know today like crack, cocaine and heroin they’re overdosing on pills that are meant to be for medicinal purposes (e.g. anti-depressants). So the movie has a scene where the protagonist and his friends break into a chemist to steal a great deal of pills. Another similarity is a typical teenage party with drinking, smoking, loud music, sexual behaviour and being disruptive. The music however has changes over a period of time, the music used in this example is from The Who, an English rock band from the 1960’s, nowadays young teens would be listening to rap or RnB mostly from originating from America, also showing how globalisation has been taken into effect where that barrier of music has been broken down. In the media it’s not only the teens that are negatively represented but it’s also the parents in both the past and present the parents are seen as a mirror of their teenagers and not having much interaction with them, affecting the way they turn out and what they grow up to be, delinquents. Gang/territory conflict is also what we see in the movie and also in the media now, Quadrophenia’s conflict are between the ‘mods’ and ‘rockers’ and its often physical fights that occurs. We also see that today in the mass media or even with our own eyes, gangs or ‘subcultures’ conflicting with each other so that’s another point that hasn’t changed much.

task #4

Introduction- Paragraph 1

Introduce what my critical investigation is on and the working title: ‘how does representation of teenagers in social media such as Facebook and twitter reinforce the negative stereotypes and create moral panic for the public?

What is that makes the viewer’s believe in the media when surely the audience should know that its mediated and can be exaggerated.

Explain my hypothesis: To what extent does news media create moral panic and represent teenagers in a negative way that the public should fear?

Give a general outline of how teenagers are represented including genders. “It highlights a marked increase in the number of girl gang members and a rise in sexual violence within gang” - Riots response led to more gang violence, says CSJ

Paragraph 2- Issues and debates raised

Representation and stereotyping: The way the media demonises the youth has left an imprint on today’s society as being ill-mannered, violent and being associated with drugs, sex and gangs. Hoodies, joggers, baseball caps, oversized shirts are a part or the iconography of the stereotyped teens. The media reports certainly do amplify stories to do with the youth like in recent events such as the protests and riots; it was all that was shown on all news channels. Where’s the success of teenagers? Their academic success? Achievements?

Moral Panic: Moral panic is caused when the media exaggerates stories scaring the public. For example the summer of 2011; the London riots. People were informed to stay inside and to not go outside at the fear of being attacked or robbed and also to keep children inside so they wouldn’t join the riots. The news reached all over so before long, even places that weren’t affected would have heard about it which resulted in more panic

Regulation and censorship: There have been rules put up to restrict the view of violence from children but what about teenagers; they’ll still be affected with what they see on the TV and on video games. It influences their behaviour and attitudes.

Paragraph 3- The change in technology/new and digital media.

Media technology and the digital revolution – changing technologies in the 21st century:

Teenagers have become massive consumers of emedia and especially social networks such as Facebook and twitter.

http://www.englishandmedia.co.uk/mm/subscribers/downloads/archive_mm/mmagpast/MM38_Politics_Riots2011.html

There’s a riot going on 
MediaMagazine 38, December 2011, Politics Special, Youth, Summer 2011, media, Twitter, social media

“But of course there have been riots and revolutions long before the electronic media came along”

Also connect through Smartphones. Blackberries were a huge problem in the summer of 2011. Moral panic as the news goes viral- ‘Sexting’, sending naked pictures.
Effect social networking has on the teenagers and how they are represented on it
Textual analysis;

I believe Social media is becoming more than just a part of their world, it’s becoming their world. Teens are spending more and more time online, usually on a social media platform like Facebook or Twitter, and their online life is not just staying on their computer at home. Most teens now have smart phones where they are on social media networks all throughout the day. They are constantly texting, tweeting, and posting pictures via Snap chat and Instagram. Today teens don’t know how to disconnect. Social media has allowed them to take their life online and instead of saying goodbye to friends at school and waiting to see them the next day, they just go home and jump on their favourite social media network and interact with them for the rest of the day. With the rise of smart phones, such as the popular iPhone, teens don’t even have to wait to get home. They can now interact through social media on their way home with the help of their smart phone. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snap chat, and all the other popular social media platforms are right there on their phones. One reason this “always connected” activity is harmful is because of the alarming trend of cyberbullying. 

Paragraph 4- corrupted minds of teenagers

Young people’s minds have been corrupted due to many factors but one major one is because of the media and also how they are shown on social sites. The youth now have easier access to explicit information like violence sex, drugs etc.

These are often glamorised in movies such as Kidulthood and ill manors but only to a certain extent… crimes have consequences.
Worried about exams stress etc.

Teenagers represented on social networking sites such as FB and twitter

Stereotypes

Paragraph 5- Main events: riots and protests.

Charlie Brooker’s screen wipe looks at many events and does a cover on the riots in a less serious way.

Sub paragraph- another textual analysis on the young black youth who stood up to Borris Johnson. It shows a more positive image of the opposite of the stereotypical delinquent that we’re used to.

Quote: Marsh, Ian, and Gaynor Melville. Crime, justice and the media. London: Routledge, 2009. Print.- “Dorfman (2001) found that over three-quarters (76%) of the public said they formed their opinions about crime from what they see or read in the news, more than three times the number of those who said they got their primary information on crime from personal experience (22%).”

Paragraph 6- the effect on other people. (public)

How does the representation of teenagers affected others view on them. Does it change anything in their lives like their everyday routine e.g. taking another route to avoid certain paths. Regoli, Robert M., and John D. Hewitt. Delinquency in society. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997. Print.: “In the public’s mind, a few juveniles hanging out together on a street corner elicits the image of delinquent gang. While these juveniles may not belong to any formal gang.”

Malik, Sarita. Representing black Britain: black and Asian images on television. London: SAGE, 001. Print.: “Radicalized difference is a key feature of British race relations and has been aptly borne”

Why has this happened?

Folk Devils and Moral Panics: 30th Anniversary Edition by Stanley Cohen 1980: “What had happened was inevitably going to happen again

Moral panic causes people to think events will reoccur because of the constant coverage.

Paragraph 7- Historical

How have the representation of delinquents changed. Use quadrophenia text analysis as the example.

Paragraph 8- Conclusion

Bring all the points together. Answer the question; how does representation of teenagers in social media such as Facebook and twitter reinforce the negative stereotypes and create moral panic for the public? for example, riots, protest, coverage on news etc…

On the other hand they can be shown in a more positive light. Use the Borris Johnson clip. Also how how the social media portray them

But negatives outweigh the positives’ giving the overall view that youths are all juveniles.

#task 2

Malik, Sarita. Representing black Britain: black and Asian images on television. London: SAGE, 2001. Print.

Page 10: “Radicalized difference is a key feature of British race relations and has been aptly borne”

The British media are able to show racial differences now because of how often the typical stereotypes have been shown over a long period of time, whether it’d be in a soap, comedy, films, the news etc. The audience is so used to it and takes it in that it seems normal to them and when they go out into reality they take on those beliefs as their own. This is an example of cultivation theory where the effects of TV over a long period of time affect people’s belief in reality. Any media program would use stereotypes for different reason like for example, so it’s easy for the audience to identify and feel comfortable with (uses and gratification). Or to convey a certain message e.g. all black people are inferior to white people or maybe just for comedy, it depends on what genre we’re looking at.

Marsh, Ian, and Gaynor Melville. Crime, justice and the media. London: Routledge, 2009. Print.

Page 1: “Dorfman (2001) found that over three-quarters (76%) of the public said they formed their opinions about crime from what they see or read in the news, more than three times the number of those who said they got their primary information on crime from personal experience (22%).”

An amazing bit of statistics that show just how much the media influences the public’s views. Dorfman (2001) carried out research finding that over three quarters of people get their opinions from the news this puts forward the idea of hegemony suggested by Karl Marx but then furthered by Gramsci. Gramsci understood that the media teaches people to do things voluntarily to upkeep supremacy in authority and in this context the media ‘teaches’ the dominant view on crime, which people then cooperate with by also taking on this view hence proving Dorman’s study. But then it isn’t clear if the view on crime is specifically targeted at young people or at others and the youth today are represented positively. As mentioned in Bill Osgerby’s ‘Youth Media’ “Positive media representation of youth did not disappear, but there was a palpable resurgence of more negative coverage” so the view on crime that some people take from the media could be positive for young teens.

Osgerby, Bill. Youth media. London: Routledge, 2004. Print.

Page 1: “They are shopping for themselves, spending for all they are worth… Some of us may wonder how they get the energy, other how do they get the money.”

Because of the media stereotyping the readers would already know the answer to which the author, Bill Osgerby is implying because of the stereotypes given to the youth. “Spending for all they’re worth” so teens don’t think ahead about their future, only interested in immediate gratification. For that reason this suggests they spend without thinking and act irrational. Also indicating how immature and irresponsible they can be by living and spending for today, living fatalistically. Since the media has an impact on the public minds and influences our view, the institution can manipulate and gate-keep the information given to us “Positive media representation of youth did not disappear, but there was a palpable resurgence of more negative coverage” (Youth Media By Bill Osgerby). The media over- represents the negative stories so that it over shadows any positive coverage, creating a corrupt, damaged generation.

      www.frontpagestoday.co.uk/2011/08/09/archive.cfm/ Page 2 line 3 

     

      Th   The way the media demonises the youth has left an imprint on today’s society as being ill-mannered, violent and being associated with drugs, sex and gangs. Hoodies, joggers, baseball caps, oversized shirts are a part or the iconography of the stereotyped teens. 

      “In the public’s mind, a few juveniles hanging out together on a street corner elicits the image of delinquent gang. While these juveniles may not belong to any formal gang, it is the appearance that decides a person’s view.”

a

Page 1: “They are shopping for themselves, spending for all they are worth… Some of us may wonder how they get the energy, other how do they get the money.”a

Because of the media stereotyping the readers would already know the answer to which the author, Bill Osgerby is implying because of the stereotypes given to the youth. “Spending for all they’re worth” so teens don’t think ahead about their future, only interested in immediate gratification. For that reason this suggests they spend without thinking and act irrational. Also indicating how immature and irresponsible they can be by living and spending for today, living fatalistically. Since the media has an impact on the public minds and influences our view, the institution can manipulate and gate-keep the information given to us “Positive media representation of youth did not disappear, but there was a palpable resurgence of more negative coverage” (Youth Media By Bill Osgerby). The media over- represents the negative stories so that it over shadows any positive coverage, creating a corrupt, damaged generation.

Paludi, Michele Antoinette. The psychology of teen violence and victimization. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Praeger, 2011. Print.

"Teenage victims are not often afforded the same resources as adult…   and are not tailored to the unique psychology of teens, who are often marginalized in our society.”

The mind of a teen is very different to the mind of an adult, for example adults can be more mature about decisions made and also can resolve things better, so to have resources for abuse only tailored to adult victims is just strengthening that gap between teenagers and adults. Furthermore the abuse to teenagers isn’t emphasized as much as teenagers abusing others to reinforce that negative stereotype, the media stories go through a gatekeeper who determines what’s shown and what’s kept from the public eye. So the image the media institutions are trying to portray can be an example of the ‘Hypodermic needle theory’ which is the idea of the media injecting messages straight into the ‘passive audience’ who then instantly gets influenced and cannot break away.

Regoli, Robert M., and John D. Hewitt. Delinquency in society. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997. Print.

Page 22: “In the public’s mind, a few juveniles hanging out together on a street corner elicits the image of delinquent gang. While these juveniles may not belong to any formal gang.”

The way the media demonises the youth has left an imprint on today’s society as being ill-mannered, violent and being associated with drugs, sex and gangs. Hoodies, joggers, baseball caps, oversized shirts are a part or the iconography of the stereotyped teens. The media reports certainly do amplify stories to do with the youth like in recent events such as the protests and riots; it was all that was shown on all news channels. Where’s the success of teenagers? Their academic success? Achievements? So this quote points out that even though the group of young teens are hanging out on the street corner doesn’t mean they’re a part of a juvenile group looking for trouble, they could just be there for social reasons. But because of the stereotypes that they have been labelled and it is the appearance that decides a person’s view, the group is automatically feared which is unfair on their part, everyone knows the saying; don’t judge a book by its cover so why does today’s society still carry on doing it? The media plays a huge role on reinforcing these qualities in the youth creating what Stanley Cohen (1987) calls moral panic; a sudden increase in public perception of the possible threat to societal values and interests because of exposure to media texts. So that the general public fear young adults who probably have no violent motives due to the media amplifying the misconception of folk devils (deviant outsiders). Nevertheless there is a corrupt subculture that rejects society’s norms and value that overshadows the success of adolescents, their counter-stereotype of being hard working and well-mannered and that they focus on differed gratification.

Shaw, Sandra M. I.. Parents, children, young people and the state. Maidenhead, England: Open University Press, 2010. Print.

Page 91: “Young people could be judged on ‘what they might do’ rather than what they actually do”

Because of the picture the media has painted for teenagers, the audience are shown this constant message that all teenagers are going to be deviant; it’s just a matter of when. This approach to young people is unfair to the ones being accused and to others. For innocent teenagers who behave and have no immoral motivations are automatically being feared on the basis of what their stereotype might do or say. Because of these people being feared and are anticipated to do bad might just fulfil this prophecy and commit crime anyway because its expected from them. Other people who are older than them or fear them would be influenced because of the label of youths and would change their everyday lives; for instance not going down a certain road because there are a group of teens or not going inside a shop because a group of youths went in. These groups of teenagers may not have the intention to cause any disruptions and yet people will still go out their way just not to encounter them. But on the other hand if we judged everyone on what they ‘might do’ rather than what they actually do then where would we all stand? In fear of everyone.

Folk Devils and Moral Panics: 30th Anniversary Edition by Stanley Cohen 1980 page 26.

“What had happened was inevitably going to happen again”

With the constant coverage of the story, the media made it look like that these sorts of events were going to reoccur again because of the statement “what had happened was inevitably going to happen again” but this was only just an assumption however because the media kept on putting emphasis on the reports and raising the question of ‘what should be done next time?’ this assured the audience that this disaster would happen again. So by combining that message along with the attention of the violence shown to the public would have resulted in the audience panicking where delinquents would “strike next”.

Task 1

Negative Impact of Social Media on Teens

I believe Social media is becoming more than just a part of their world, it’s becoming their world. Teens are spending more and more time online, usually on a social media platform like Facebook or Twitter, and their online life is not just staying on their computer at home. Most teens now have smart phones where they are on social media networks all throughout the day. They are constantly texting, tweeting, and posting pictures via Snap chat and Instagram. Today teens don’t know how to disconnect. Social media has allowed them to take their life online and instead of saying goodbye to friends at school and waiting to see them the next day, they just go home and jump on their favourite social media network and interact with them for the rest of the day. With the rise of smart phones, such as the popular iPhone, teens don’t even have to wait to get home. They can now interact through social media on their way home with the help of their smart phone. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snap chat, and all the other popular social media platforms are right there on their phones. One reason this “always connected” activity is harmful is because of the alarming trend of cyberbullying. 

Facebook and twitter programs often show characters using drugs and alcohol and engaging in violent behaviours. At a developmental stage when teens seek greater freedom and independence, the glorification of drugs, alcohol, risky sexual and violent behaviours in the media make it challenging for teens to make responsible behavioural choices. Still, media cannot solely be blamed for teens' consumption of drugs and alcohol, or involvement in sexual activities; ultimately it's up to parents to teach their teens about the negative consequences associated with risky behaviours, and the false images often perpetuated in the media for financial gain. Palo Alto Medical Foundation suggests that teens learn to use their critical thinking skills -- and parents can help them in this area -- by distinguishing fantasy from reality, and analysing the agendas and target audiences of various advertisements.

Is Facebook bad for your child's health? Teenagers are more likely to smoke and drink if they see pictures of friends partying on the site

Using Facebook could make teenagers more likely to drink and smoke, a new report suggests. Teenagers who see friends smoking and drinking alcohol in photographs posted on Facebook are more likely to smoke and drink themselves, according to the report. this shows the negative representation of teenagers on facebook as when teenagers are going on facebook and seeing their friends posts pictures of them doing bad stuff this motivates them to also do the same and this shows that facebook is the cause of all this as people only do these stuff in order to look popular on social networking sites. ‘Our study shows that adolescents can be influenced by their friends’ online pictures to smoke or drink alcohol,’ said Dr Thomas Valente, professor of preventive medicine at the University of Southern California and the study’s principal investigator. ‘The evidence suggests that friends’ online behaviours are a viable source of peer influence,’ said Dr Grace Huang, the study’s first and corresponding author. ‘This is important to know, given that 95 per cent of 12 to 17-year-olds in the United States access the Internet every day, and 80 per cent of those youth use online social networking sites to communicate.’

Teens told researchers there were too many adults on Facebook and too much sharing of teenage angst and inane details like what a friend ate for dinner.

'The key is that there are fewer adults, fewer parents and just simply less complexity and less drama,' said Amanda Lenhart of the Pew Research Center, one of the study's authors. 

'They still have their Facebook profiles, but they spend less time on them and move to places like Twitter, Instagram and Tumblr.' In the latest poll, 94per cent of teens who are social media users have a profile on Facebook — flat from the previous year. Seeing this statistic it also shows that 91% of teenagers posts photos of themselves on social networking sites which is most common as the main purpose of those sites are to share photos with friends and family however some teenagers may misuse that and post pictures that reinforce the positive stereotpye that this shows. furthermore as you can see 71% of teenagers in 2012 say the location of where they live which could be dangerous in many ways as they may have people on those sites that can track them down.